Strategic Analyses of the National River Linking Project (NRLP) of India, Series 4. Water productivity improvements in Indian agriculture: potentials, constraints and prospects

Water productivityWater use efficiencyMultiple useIrrigation practicesIrrigation systemsWater qualityWater allocationCerealsCrop yieldLivestockMilk productionEconomic aspects

Water, human development and economic growth: some international perspectives

Water resources developmentInvestmentWater storageEconomic aspectsSocial aspects

Economic value of water in agriculture: comparative analysis of a water-scarce and water-rich region in India

Water productivityEconomic evaluationCrop productionIrrigated farmingWater costsWellsLivestockMilk production

A STUDY ON PYTHAGOREAN TRIPLES

The Pythagorean numbers play a significant role in the theory of higher arithmetic as they come in the majority of indeterminate problem. For the discovery of the law of the three squares (Pythagorean equation), really, one should be indebted to the Pythagorean who were the first Greeks with great intellectual perception. One may notice to his surprise that the Egyptians, the Chinese, the Babylonians and the Indians knew some knowledge of the property of right angled Pythagorean triangles or Pythagorean numbers .Since there is a 1−1 correspondence between Pythagorean numbers and Pythagorean triangles, we shall use them interchangeably. The only geometrical theorem with which the ancient Chinese were acquainted is that the area of the square described on the hypotenuse of a right angled triangle is equal to the sum of the areas of the squares described on the sides. A Pythagorean triangle is a right triangle whose sides are integral lengths

Intensity interferometry of thermal photons from relativistic heavy ion collisions

Intensity interferometry of thermal photons, having transverse momenta $k_T \approx$ 0.1 -- 2.0 GeV, produced in relativistic collision of heavy nuclei is studied. It is seen to provide an accurate information about the temporal and spatial structure of the interacting system. The source dimensions and their $k_T$ dependence revealed by the photon interferometry, display a richness not seen in pion interferometry. We attribute this to difference in the source functions, the fact that photons come out from every stage of the collision and from every point in the system, and the fact that the rate of production of photons is different for the quark-gluon plasma, which dominates the early hot stage, and the hadronic matter which populates the last phase of the collision dynamics. The usefulness of this procedure is demonstrated by an application to collision of lead nuclei at the CERN SPS. Prediction for the transverse momentum dependence of the sizes for SPS, RHIC, and LHC energies are given.Comment: 16 pages, 11 figures. Added discussions and references. To appear in Phys. Rev.

Elements of Effective Communication

Communication is central to the success of human beings and organizations. The ability to effectively communicate at work, home and in life is probably one of the most important sets of skills a person needs. Effective communication is not just a business skill-it is a life skill and the most important source of personal power at work, family and social situations. Communication is the process of understanding and being understood through ideas, facts, thoughts and emotions. Good communication is determined not by how well we say things but by how well we have been understood. (www.careerindia.com) Communication is a process by which message is conveyed to someone or a group of people. If the message is conveyed clearly and unambiguously, and is received by the receiver in the same way as intended by the sender, then communication is said to be effective. If the message reaches the receiver in a distorted form or somehow fails to create meaning or understanding, the communicator should realize that his/her communication has been affected by barriers. So we can say that communication becomes successful only if the receiver understands what the sender is trying to convey. The feedback received by the sender from the receiver allows the sender to determine how the message was interpreted and, if necessary, whether there is an opportunity to modify future messages. A careful communicator will remember that “to effectively communicate, we must realize that we are all different in the way we perceive the world and use this understanding as a guide to our communication with other.” An effective communicator anticipates the unlimited ways a message can be understood or misunderstood. Thus the communicator must not only take care of his/her message but also he/she has to keep his/her audience’s background in mind to ensure his/her communication receives desired feedback and his/her communication goal is achieved. In this context, John Powells’s observations sound sensible: “Communication works for those who work at it.” You can be sure of your communication skills when you get the ability to act and react quickly at a subconscious level

Analysing Mechanical Property of Two Different Closing Loops using Finite Element Analysis and Universal Testing Machine: A Comparitive Study

The present study was conducted to evaluate the force obtained after activation of Tear drop and "T" loops by mechanical method and by finite element method. 25 "T" loops and 25 Tear drop loops were made and activated incrementally. Computer simulation (Finite element analysis) of the Tear drop loop and T loop were done using ANSYS software and the force exerted was evaluated. The values obtained in both the methods were compared and analyzed. The results show that the "T" loop delivered statistically less force for all activation compared to Tear drop loop. Stress concentration for the Tear drop loop was maximum in the curvature of loop.(fig 18). The results also showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the computer simulation and mechanical measurement signifying the accurate prediction of Finite element analysis. Since computed simulated technique accurately predicts the experimentally determined mechanical behavior of T loop and Tear drop loop, it shall be consider as alternative for designing orthodontics appliance before treatment

Experimental Investigation on the Cold – Formed Steel – Concrete Composite Beam Under Flexure

Steel – concrete composite members are widely used in the construction of multistorey buildings and bridges. Composite construction takes the advantages of steel and concrete, in turn reduces the cost of construction. This paper discuss the use of galvanised steel with concrete as composite beam under flexural loading. Six specimens were tested to failure with varying number of headed stud connectors from 0 to 5. Load carrying capacity of the composite beam specimen improved by 62 % as compared to beam without shear connectors. The mode of failure of the composite beam is mainly due to failure of the shear connectors at tension zone, which leads to formation of multiple cracks on concrete portion. The analytical model was developed using finite element software ANSYS and found to obtain similar result as compared to the experimental results with minimal variation in the central deflection